External Stimuli
Escaping Apoptosis
Metastasis
Outcomes
Highlights
Explains how the cell avoids apoptosis
Explains how to prevent cancer via diet
Explains how the cell is able to migrate to other areas of the body
Explains and provides and example of external stimuli
Explain the impact of inflammation & infectious agents
Inflammation & Infectious Agents
Diet for Cancer Development & Prevention
Diet is an important factor of cancer because as humans we consume a lot of food. Many of those foods are unhealthy and can increase the risk of developing cancer. There are some foods that contain antioxidants that will counteract with the negatively impacting foods. Many of the foods that contains antioxidants are berries and they are able to stop and prevent some of the damage that free radicals cause. An example of negatively impacting foods are grilled red meats and chicken. These foods contain blackened portions and these portions are considered to be Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Carcinogens are produced by cooking meat as seen in the pictures. These PAH changes the DNA adduct and are able to change the structure of the DNA. If it is not caught by the cell, the cells will reproduce genetically modified DNA and will result in cancer. The link below is an assignment that critical analyzes Cookout food and fiber.
2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP)
There are many different types of external stimuli that can lead to cancer. This section will focus on the sunlight stimuli. When UV-A & UV-B light hits the skin it denatures the proteins that are in the DNA because the proteins are being heated and the proteins to become denatured. This will cause mutations in the cell and this can lead to cancer. However, if the cell is able to detect the issue and it is not repairable the cell will perform apoptosis. There is a video that explains how UV-A & UV-B leads to cancer (right) and a video to explain how UV-A & UV-B damage does not lead to apoptosis (left).
The link (left) is my Prezi about evading apoptosis. . In the picture below it explains the pathways for cellular stress response and pro-carcinogenic responses. For example, the pathway of COX2 if it is not blocked by P53 then the Reactive Oxygen series will cause a pro-carcinogen response and this will result in DNA damage. Once the DNA has damage there will be insufficient repair (refer to gene mutations) and this will great genomic instability and cause more genes to mutate. This cells will be mutated and will cause tumor progression.
It is the leading cause of cancer mortality because it allows the cancer cells to move to another area of the body. The link shows the visual of how the cancer cells are able to move to other parts of the body. Tumors give out chemical signals that promote the growth of blood vessels that supply oxygen and food to the cancerous cells.
1. Cancer cells are formed from the mutations of normal cells that promote cell growth, cell growth signaling, and deactivation of apoptosis.
2. Next the cells are able to rapidly reproduce because the growth signals are never turned off and this will create the need for more food supply.
3. The need for more food supply will cause the cells to create their blood supply and the cells will continue to grow and reproduce at high rates.
4. Next, the very rapid growth will allow the cells to have access to the blood supply and will break off from the tumor and invade other parts of the body.
5. The tumor cells will stop at a cancer free section and begin to rapidly grow.
Viral and bacterial infections can cause inflammation (Example: live, colon, stomach) and can create cancer. Some infections provoke tissues into becoming cancerous. There are links of a variety of genetic and chemical changes with infections (Example: Helibacter Hepaticas). Inflammation is the body’s natural response to infections and damage. However, when this goes on to long it will cause the tissue to become damaged. When the tissue is damaged it will cause the cells in the damaged area to be damaged as well. These damaged cells can lead to cancer. The link shows how inflammation plays a role in cancer. The picture to the right shows that many things contribute to inflammation in the body.
